Capacity Lead Times by Layer
Months to add capacity. Vertical line = 12 months (institutional rotation horizon). 5 of 8 layers cannot expand inside it. Annotations on the right.
- L1 · ComputeCoWoS expand48 mo
- L6 · Power (LPT)LPT >500 MVA36–48 mo
- L4 · PackagingABF, no alternative qualified24–36 mo
- L2 · HBM2027 pre-sold24+ mo
- L5 · ChemistryQualification cycles12–36 mo
- L6 · MV SwitchgearTightening18–24 mo
- L3 · Storage (HBF)If HBF endorsed12–18 mo
- L7 · Cooling (CDU)CDU lead6–12 mo
- L8 · EDA + IPSoftware, no physical lead timen/a
Sources: TSMC IR · SK Hynix IR · Hitachi Energy · ABB · Siemens Energy · EPRI · Techcet · ForcedAlpha graph (footnotes 7–13)