Four named producers building Western capacity. Two of them are litigating each other.
MP Materials
10,000 MT/yr total capacity by 2028
10X Facility commissioning 2028 — DoD offtakes 100% of output for defense + commercial customers
[11]
USA Rare Earth
Up to $1.6B Commerce/CHIPS award
$277M federal incentives + $1.3B loan agreement — Round Top mine + 10,000 tpa metal/magnet target
[31]
Lynas Rare Earths
5,000 tpa HRE feedstock
Lynas Malaysia expanded HRE facility — “unique outside of China”
[35]
Niron Magnetics
1,500 tons/year (planned)
Sartell, MN — iron nitride (Fe₁₆N₂) chemistry, rare-earth-free
[20]